{"id":15225,"date":"2022-05-12T09:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T14:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/backup.primeaction.com\/sp\/?p=15225"},"modified":"2022-05-10T17:49:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T22:49:06","slug":"sequia-y-guerra-en-ucrania-pegan-a-la-proxima-cosecha-de-trigo-en-irak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.primeaction.com\/sp\/sequia-y-guerra-en-ucrania-pegan-a-la-proxima-cosecha-de-trigo-en-irak\/","title":{"rendered":"Sequ\u00eda y guerra en Ucrania pegan a la pr\u00f3xima cosecha de trigo en Irak"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las espigas doradas de Kamel Hamed ondean languidamente al viento. Pero ante este buc\u00f3lico paisaje del centro de Irak, el agricultor no oculta su angustia: entre la sequ\u00eda, la guerra en Ucrania y la escasez de agua, su cosecha se ha dividido por dos.<\/p>\n

\u00abLa sequ\u00eda es incre\u00edble en este momento. Incluso en los pozos, el agua no se puede utilizar. Es agua salada\u00bb, dice Hamed, que lleva una \u00abdishdasha\u00bb (prenda larga) blanca y la cabeza cubierta por una \u00abkufiyya\u00bb (pa\u00f1uelo tradicional).<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, desde febrero, las repercusiones de la guerra en Ucrania se han dejado sentir incluso en sus campos, cerca de la aldea de Jaliha: el precio del combustible, los fertilizantes y las semillas ha aumentado considerablemente.<\/p>\n

Esto ha hecho que sus costes de producci\u00f3n se disparen.<\/p>\n

Como todos los agricultores de Irak, Kamel Hamed sigue las directrices de las autoridades, que le compran el grano, determinan las superficies plantadas y el nivel de riego, en funci\u00f3n de las reservas de agua y las precipitaciones.<\/p>\n

Este a\u00f1o, debido a la escasez de agua, Irak ha reducido a la mitad la superficie cultivada.<\/p>\n

Hamed ha plantado una cuarta parte de sus 100 donums (10 hect\u00e1reas). En sus campos, la cosechadora realiza viajes de ida y vuelta para cortar las espigas maduras. El grano es arrojado a la plataforma del cami\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u00abEste a\u00f1o no hemos conseguido ni siquiera 500 kilos de trigo de un donum\u00bb, dice este agricultor de 53 a\u00f1os. En temporadas anteriores, sol\u00eda obtener una tonelada por donum.<\/p>\n

La guerra en Ucrania \u00abha hecho subir el precio del aceite de motor y de las semillas de alto rendimiento\u00bb, asegura.<\/p>\n

\u00abNo s\u00e9 c\u00f3mo mantener a mi familia\u00bb, a\u00f1ade Hamed. \u00abSin sueldo, sin trabajo, \u00bfd\u00f3nde puedo ir?\u00bb<\/p>\n

Abandonar la tierra<\/p>\n

Pero el factor clave es el agua.<\/p>\n

Se trata de un tema muy sensible para Irak y sus 41 millones de habitantes, que sienten a diario el impacto del cambio clim\u00e1tico: desertificaci\u00f3n, tormentas de arena, disminuci\u00f3n de las lluvias y descenso del nivel de los r\u00edos.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n es una cuesti\u00f3n geoestrat\u00e9gica clave.<\/p>\n

Irak comparte las aguas de varios r\u00edos, especialmente el Tigris y el \u00c9ufrates, con Turqu\u00eda y Siria, pero tambi\u00e9n con Ir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Bagdad se opone a la construcci\u00f3n de presas aguas arriba en sus pa\u00edses vecinos, que reducen el caudal de los r\u00edos al entrar en Irak.<\/p>\n

La provincia de Diwaniya, donde se encuentra Jaliha, regada por el \u00c9ufrates, recibe normalmente 180 metros c\u00fabicos de agua por segundo.<\/p>\n

Este a\u00f1o el nivel es de \u00ab80 a 90 metros c\u00fabicos\u00bb, dice Hani Cha\u00ebr, que dirige un colectivo de agricultores encargado de distribuir el agua.<\/p>\n

Prueba de ello es el agua estancada en el principal canal de riego de Tharima, que abastece a los 200,000 donums de tierras circundantes.<\/p>\n

Cha\u00ebr tambi\u00e9n denuncia la falta de apoyo de las autoridades. Seg\u00fan \u00e9l, el Ministerio de Agricultura solo ha suministrado 5 kilos de abono esta temporada, frente a los 40 kilos de a\u00f1os anteriores.<\/p>\n

Esta temporada, el pa\u00eds deber\u00eda disponer de entre 2.5 y 3 millones de toneladas de trigo. \u00abTres millones de toneladas no son suficientes para todo un a\u00f1o para los iraqu\u00edes\u00bb, reconoce el portavoz del Ministerio de Agricultura, Hamid Al Nayef. \u00abTendremos que importar\u00bb, asegura.<\/p>\n

Irak se enfrentar\u00e1 adem\u00e1s a las turbulencias del mercado mundial y a los precios que se han disparado por el conflicto de Ucrania, aunque Bagdad importa su grano principalmente de Canad\u00e1, Australia y Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

En su campo de Jaliha, Ahmed Al Jelhawi se cuestiona sus decisiones vitales. \u00abDej\u00e9 mis estudios para dedicarme a la agricultura\u00bb, lamenta este hombre de unos 30 a\u00f1os. \u00abPero este a\u00f1o, la agricultura es cero\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las repercusiones de la guerra en Ucrania se resienten en los campos iraqu\u00edes, donde el precio del combustible, los fertilizantes y las semillas ha aumentado considerablemente para los agricultores.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":15227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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