{"id":18732,"date":"2023-05-02T11:45:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T16:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/backup.primeaction.com\/sp\/?p=18732"},"modified":"2023-05-02T12:02:01","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T17:02:01","slug":"experto-en-ia-sugiere-marcas-de-agua-en-imagenes-y-textos-creados-por-robots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.primeaction.com\/sp\/experto-en-ia-sugiere-marcas-de-agua-en-imagenes-y-textos-creados-por-robots\/","title":{"rendered":"Experto en IA sugiere marcas de agua en im\u00e1genes y textos creados por robots"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uno de los mayores expertos en inteligencia artificial (IA), Gary Marcus, profesor em\u00e9rito de psicolog\u00eda y ciencia neuronal de la Universidad de Nueva York, cree que va a ser necesario aplicar marcas de agua en las im\u00e1genes generadas por robots, y algo parecido tambi\u00e9n en los textos, para diferenciarlos as\u00ed de los generados por humanos y evitar que se propague la desinformaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

En un art\u00edculo reproducido en el New York Times, Marcus, autor de dos libros dedicados a la IA, trata de evitar el tono catastrofista, diciendo que \u201cno soy de los que piensa que el planeta entero va a ser dominado por los robots\u201d-, pero admite que le preocupa \u201clo que los actores negativos pueden hacer con estas cosas, porque nadie los controla\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u201c\u00bfLos beneficios superan a los costos? -se pregunta- La respuesta m\u00e1s honesta es que no lo sabemos. Algunos quisi\u00e9ramos que esto se ralentice porque vemos sus costos a diario, pero eso no significa que no haya beneficios\u201d, matiza, especialmente en los \u00e1mbitos t\u00e9cnicos, y advierte de paso contra quienes abogan por el ChatGPT como medio de ganar una especie de carrera con China. <\/p>\n

Como remedio inmediato, Marcus sugiere alguna especie de gobernanza internacional sobre el mundo de la IA: \u201cLo que necesitamos es algo global, neutral, sin \u00e1nimo de lucro, con gobiernos y empresas participando en ello. Tenemos que coordinar esfuerzos sobre c\u00f3mo crear reglas (\u2026) Necesitamos crear un c\u00f3digo sobre lo que es aceptable y qui\u00e9n es el responsable\u201d. <\/p>\n

Este organismo supranacional responder\u00eda a dudas razonables que ya se plantean, y pone los siguientes ejemplos: \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa si los chatbots mienten mucho?, \u00bfse puede permitir?, \u00bfqui\u00e9n ser\u00e1 el responsable?; si la desinformaci\u00f3n se expande ampliamente, \u00bfqu\u00e9 hacer? \u00bfqui\u00e9n asume los costos? \u00bfqueremos que las empresas pongan dinero para crear herramientas que detecten la desinformaci\u00f3n que ellas mismas crean?\u201d. <\/p>\n

Actualmente -advierte- \u201cel costo de la desinformaci\u00f3n es igual a cero\u201d. <\/p>\n

El experto advierte tambi\u00e9n contra el criterio absoluto de la eficacia a la hora de aceptar el uso masivo de la IA como un elemento para abaratar costos: \u201cEstas herramientas nos pueden dar tremendos beneficios en lo referente a la productividad, pero tambi\u00e9n destruir el tejido social (en referencia a los eventuales puestos de trabajo amortizados). Si ese es el caso, ya no merecen la pena\u201d, proclama. <\/p>\n

Si no se avanza en una regulaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida de la IA y los chatbots, Marcus pone un ejemplo de lo que eso puede significar en las pr\u00f3ximas elecciones presidenciales en EU: \u201cSi no hacemos nada, nadie va a creerse nada, y todas aquellas cosas que no quieran creer, lo van a rechazar atribuy\u00e9ndolas a la IA. Con lo que los problemas sobre polarizaci\u00f3n y el discurso p\u00fablico no har\u00e1n sino empeorar\u201d. <\/p>\n

Las advertencias de Marcus se suman a las de otros expertos que en los \u00faltimos d\u00edas est\u00e1n alertando sobre el avance espectacular de la IA, hasta ahora pr\u00e1cticamente sin control. <\/p>\n

Este lunes, en una entrevista con el mismo diario, el brit\u00e1nico Geoffrey Hinton, uno de los grandes pioneros en el desarrollo de la IA, explic\u00f3 que ha dejado su trabajo en Google para poder advertir con mayor libertad de los peligros que plantean estas nuevas tecnolog\u00edas.<\/p>\n

En su opini\u00f3n, se deber\u00edan frenar los trabajos en este \u00e1mbito hasta que se entienda bien si ser\u00e1 posible controlar la IA, una idea en l\u00ednea con otros llamamientos p\u00fablicos de personalidades del sector tecnol\u00f3gico que han pedido suspender temporalmente los experimentos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gary Marcus, experto en inteligencia artificial, cree que va a ser necesario aplicar marcas de agua en las im\u00e1genes y textos generados por robots.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":18734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-post.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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